The Toulmin Method

The main points of the Toulmin Method are claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. These key components can help the listener to understand the validity of an argument, and then respond with their own critique. This method creates a structured approach to evaluate an respond because it provides a way to think before acting. 

According to Purdue Owl, the method is as follows. The claim is an assertion that one needs to prove to the viewers. The data are the facts and evidence that support an argument. The warrant is the implication that the evidence is connected to the argument in question. Backing is any additional information that supports the warrant. In most cases, the warrant is implied, so the backing gives specific examples to justify the argument. A qualifier refers to the use of a claim to show that your argument might not be true in all cases. This can be done by using neutral adverbs to show an instance where your argument might falter. Lastly, the rebuttal is the ability to acknowledge another valid point of view of your argument. These steps can be effectively applied to online discussions because they require a significant amount of thought, as well as solid evidence. A huge issue on the internet is people arguing about topics they think they know, or they aren't well educated on. The Toulmin Method would help to prevent users from making baseless claims. 

The image above shows a visual diagram of the Toulmin Method and an example. The scenario used in this diagram is using the knowledge that your neighbor has dogs to justify why you're hearing barking. As for the real world, many online interactions would be strengthened by this method. One example would be on social networks like Twitter. People are always arguing on this specific platform, and most often on backless claims.

However, there are downsides to the widespread use of the Toulmin Method. One is an excess of information. If people were to have arguments using this method, everyone would have to be doing research on topics, and unfortunately, that's an unrealistic expectation of everyday people. Echo chambers are another concern, especially if your argument isn't being refuted. A harmful aspect of the internet is people being limited to opinions and beliefs that coincide with their own, and not having an opposing argument to consider. Lastly, emotions will always be a problem when it comes to arguing. The main reason why people argue is because they let their emotions guide them. This isn't necessarily a negative, but it absolutely limits our ability to have efficient conversations.

Individuals can avoid these challenges by being kind, open-minded, and educated. Arguments are meant to challenge your opinions and patience, and by practicing empathy and kindness, conversations can be more civil. Additionally, the digital age affects our ability to think critically and use media literacy. These skills will need to be utilized through the use of the Toulmin Method, as critical thinking and media literacy are important for problem-solving, emotion regulation, evaluating arguments, and processing information.

Youtube Video on the Toulmin Method

Finally, here's a video on the Toulmin Method that really helped my understanding :)

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